ATLASResearch
methods
Quantitative/ Research design

Simulation studies

Experiment inside an explicitly validated model

Simulation studies execute a model to examine system behaviour under chosen conditions. Discrete-event simulation advances through events; continuous simulation evolves state over time. Model construction, verification, calibration, validation and experimental analysis are separate tasks. Repeated stochastic runs estimate simulation variability, while uncertainty about real-world structure or parameters requires additional sensitivity analysis.

WHEN IT FITS

Choose simulation when direct experiments are impractical or costly and credible mechanisms, inputs or calibration data exist, especially to investigate queueing, computing systems or plausible intervention scenarios.

Strengths

  • Allows controlled exploration of difficult or unobserved scenarios
  • Separates mechanisms and parameters for sensitivity analysis

Limitations

  • A precise result can be based on an implausible model
  • Calibration and validation on the same data can overstate credibility

Know the boundary

Simulated interventions identify effects inside the model, not automatically causal effects in the world.

USED ACROSS
Computer scienceBusiness & MBAEducation