Q methodology
Map shared subjective viewpoints
Q methodology studies patterns of subjectivity by asking participants to rank a set of statements relative to one another. By-person factor analysis identifies groups of similarly configured Q sorts, which are interpreted using factor arrays and participants' explanations. Statement selection represents the discourse of interest. Participant selection seeks relevant viewpoint diversity rather than a representative prevalence sample.
Choose when you want to identify and interpret contrasting viewpoints on a bounded issue. Develop a balanced statement set and recruit people likely to express meaningful variation in perspective.
Strengths
- Combines structured comparison with qualitative interpretation
- Makes trade-offs within a viewpoint visible
Limitations
- Results depend on the statement set and sorting instructions
- Factors do not estimate viewpoint prevalence in a population
Know the boundary
Q factor analysis groups similar sorts or persons, unlike ordinary R-mode factor analysis of variables.