Open, axial and selective coding
Develop and integrate grounded theory categories
In the Straussian grounded theory tradition, open coding develops concepts from close comparison of data, axial coding explores relationships among categories, and selective coding integrates the analysis around a central explanatory account. These are connected analytical activities rather than a universal three-step recipe. Other grounded theory traditions use different terminology and give axial coding a different or absent role.
Use within an explicitly Straussian grounded theory study aimed at explaining a process. Collection and analysis should inform one another so emerging categories can guide further theoretical sampling.
Strengths
- Connects close coding to explanatory category relationships
- Encourages systematic comparison and theoretical integration
Limitations
- Mechanical use can force data into a predetermined paradigm
- Full theory development requires iterative access and time
Know the boundary
Using open codes alone does not constitute grounded theory, and this terminology is not mandatory in every grounded theory tradition.